Indus Jute Mills Ltd Essays

Indus Jute Mills Ltd Essays Indus Jute Mills Ltd Essay Indus Jute Mills Ltd Essay Indus Jute Mills Ltd. (IJM) was established in 1968. It is a jute goods manufacturing company, and imports raw jute from Bangladesh and converts it into Jute bags, Hessian cloth, Twine and Yarn for packing and storing wheat, rice, cotton and other agricultural products. IJMs factory is located in the province of Sindh, 40 kms northeast from the city of Karachi, where its head office is located. Pakistans Jute Industry comprises of 11 Mills, of which only 5 have started exporting jute goods directly to Iran in 1999. IJM as been exporting indirectly (grain sacks) to Iran, and has now decided to export Hessian cloth directly. Iran uses this to waterproof the roofs of houses and buildings during construction, as Iran has ample rainfall and snow. IJM has decided to export for a number of reasons. It will be able to operate at full capacity is it does so, and increased sales will help balance out its high raw material and inventory costs. Exporting to Iran is a good decision as not only is Iran next-door to Pakistan geographically, but is also is a huge market for Hessian cloth, importing about 57,000 tonnes a year from Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani Mills. Its climate ensures that Iran will always demand material for waterproofing. Iran prefers Hessian to synthetic cloth, as it is environmental friendly. Iran also has a young population, and one that grows at an extremely high rate. It also has a high GDP growth rate, depicting an expanding economy. All this means that Iranians will be demanding housing on a large-scale, thus leading to the indirect demand for Hessian cloth. IJM will have a competitive edge over both Bangladeshi and Indian jute exporters, as well as other Pakistani mills. It plans to enter the market offering superior quality Hessian at a price that is slightly lower than the international market price. It is also located very near Karachi Port (only 40 kms), which means goods can be delivered to Iran faster and cheaper. It also can use land routes to deliver its goods, providing it with a further advantage. IJM plans to begin exporting to Iran by March 2004, and gain a significant share of the market within the next two years. It also plans to begin exporting Hessian to other countries in Asia and the Middle East within the next five years. It plans to achieve a growth in sales of 10% per annum. To achieve the above objectives, IJM is planning to promote its Hessian by taking part in the International Trade Fair in Tehran, Iran in January 2004. A sales executive will be hired especially to oversee exports, and make appropriate contact with a local Agent in Iran. Advertisements will also be placed in the Iranian Weekly and Yearly Industry Bulletins. Indus Jute Mills Limited (IJM) is a public limited company incorporated under the Companies Act in 1968, and is also listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. It is a jute goods manufacturing company, and imports raw jute from Bangladesh and converts it into Jute bags, Hessian cloth, Twine and Yarn for packing and storing wheat, rice, cotton and other agricultural products. Jute goods are not only environment friendly, but also non-toxic, reusable and a 100% biodegradable. Jute packaging ensures safety in handling, transportation, and long-term storage of grain. IJMs factory is located in the province of Sindh in the Dhabeji District of Thatta, 40 kms northeast from the city of Karachi, where its head office is located. It presently employees 1800 people, including both the factory workers and the management staff. At present, Pakistans jute industry consists of 11 mills that supply jute bags and Hessian cloth to the Pakistani government and also cater to the private sector. These are Crescent Jute Products Ltd., Thal Jute Mills Ltd., Indus Jute Mills Ltd., Sargodha Jute Mills Ltd., Sohail Jute Mills Ltd., Habib Jute Mills Ltd., United Jute Mills Ltd., Pioneer Jute Mills Ltd., Madina Jute Mills Ltd., Amin Fabrics Ltd. and White Pearl Jute Mills Ltd. Of these, Crescent, Thal, Sargodha, Habib and Amin Jute Mills Ltd. started exporting Jute products directly to Iran in 1999, and are currently doing so. IJM has now decided to enter the international market due to a number of reasons. Firstly, it is not currently operating at full capacity, and if it enters the international market, it will be able to do so. An increase in sales will provide the company with increased finances for operational purposes. IJM requires a great deal of liquid finance as it imports raw jute from Bangladesh and needs to import and store four months stock in advance, as ships take a considerable amount of time to reach Karachi Port from Bangladesh. Thus, both the cost of raw material and raw material inventory costs need to be met. Also, IJM produces 70% of Pakistans sacking bags for packing wheat. Wheat is harvested in March and is packed until the end of June every year. In order to cater for this large demand, IJM produces a certain amount of jute sacks every month all year round and stores them until they are needed in March. Thus, the inventory costs for finished goods are also high. At present, IJMs Hessian cloth accounts for 20% of its total product mix. IJM feels that increasing the production of Hessian cloth to 40% can reduce the high inventory cost for sacking. Of this, 20% could be used to meet local demand, and the remaining 20% could be exported. This will generate greater sales revenue as Hessian cloth is priced at Rs. 40,000 per tonne as compared to sacking, which yields only Rs. 28,000 Rs 30,000 per tonne. IJM was also previously producing Hessian sacks and supplying them to local rice producers for packing rice for export. This means for indirect export was reduced when rice producers began to switch to the cheaper polypropylene. IJM thus has surplus Hessian cloth, and the most logical step would be to export this to Iran, as it is a huge market for Hessian cloth, importing about 57,000 tonnes a year (2001) altogether from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Hessian cloth is coated with tar on both sides and then spread on the roofs of houses and buildings during construction. This ensures that the construction sites stay waterproof, as Iran is a county with ample rainfall, snowfall and hail. In addition, Iran is in close proximity to Pakistan and shares a common border with it. Thus, it is possible to easily transport goods by both land and sea routes. As a result, distribution costs will be lower and delivery time will be shorter, giving IJM a competitive edge over Bangladesh and India. The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI or Jomhuriy-e Islamiy-e Iran) is a vast country, comprising a total land area of more than 1.6 million square kilometres. It is bordered by the following: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan from the North, Afghanistan and Pakistan from the East, Turkey and Iraq from the West, and the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea from the South. The climatic variation is great. The maximum temperature is more than 53 C in the Golf region and down to 40 C in the Northwest. Annual precipitation varies from 2400 mm per annum in the Caspian Region to no rain for successive years in central sand dune areas. This climate with ample snow and rainfall ensures that there will be a constant demand for material needed to waterproof buildings during construction. The public census is conducted in Iran every five to ten years and the latest one was carried out in 1996. The Central Bank of Iran predicted Irans population to be 64.9 million by March 21, 2002 of which 41.9 million reside in cities and 29 million in villages. Thus, since most of the population resides in cities, the construction industry is large and will continue to grow. The following diagram shows the rapid growth rate of Irans population. In a span of 6 years, from 1996-2002, Irans population experienced a 7.5% growth rate. This makes Iran an ideal place for IJM to export Hessian to, as a growing population means a greater need for housing, which means an increase in local construction, and an increased demand for Hessian cloth. This pyramid shows the division of the Iranian population by both age and gender. It is interesting to note that the majority of Irans population is young, and lies within the 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 age brackets. This means that there will be a great demand for housing within the next few years, and indirectly, a need for Hessian Cloth. Iranians enjoy a decent standard of living as compared with Pakistanis. The per capita income is about 8,953,000 Rials / US$ 1119 (March 2002-March 2003), whereas Pakistans is about US$ 450. The average GDP growth rate is 6.5 percent (Mar. 2002-Mar. 2003), depicting an expanding economy. Gross National Savings / GNP is 22.1 percent (1998), showing that savings that can be diverted towards construction. According to the existing statistics, while the countrys population has increased by about 70% from 1979 to present day, the number of university students has risen by more than 1000% over this period! An educated population will lead to a larger and more skilled workforce with higher income levels in the future. This would have a favorable impact on the demand for housing, and indirectly for Hessian. Iran has been plagued by an extremely high inflation rate over the last decade (15.7% in Mar. 2002 Mar. 2003). However, this is gradually decreasing, allowing Iranians to increase their levels of savings and standard of living.

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer question - Essay Example ounterparts saw marriage as something coming from a divine power – that of a god-father and a goddess-mother who bless the union in marriage rituals and sexual intercourse. Lawler describes pagan marriage as â€Å"syncretistic† (Lawler: 8) or fusing two opposing meanings – that of both divine and human action. Fertility from human sexual intercourse is considered a divine blessing. 2. Discuss what you think about the story of Hosea and Gomer. Explain the understanding of God that is the basis of the pagan custom of â€Å"temple prostitution.† State how what Hosea said about the relationship between God and Israel differed from that pagan custom. Hosea followed God’s command to him to marry Gomer, a harlot who participated in sexual rituals in temples as re-enactment of the sexual intercourse between pagan god Baal and his wife and sister, Anat. Hosea’s marriage to Gomer mirrored the relationship between God and Israel because it was unconditional. Although Gomer was unfaithful to Hosea, he remained faithful to her and even bought her back when she was auctioned off to men. God’s love for Israel was the same. Even if Israel turned its back on God in favor of Baal, God still saved it from ruin. Pagan marriage is conditional and is open to divorce while marriage in Jewish tradition is supposed to be unconditional and does not approve of divorce. Anachronism means something that is not appropriate to the times. In this reading, it is reflected on two things: love and divorce. Hosea’s account of Gomer’s and Israel’s faithlessness not being reasons to turn away from them justifies the marriage covenant. Staying with them and remaining faithful is the true meaning of unconditional love. Marriage is a covenant that spouses should enter with loyalty, service and obedience. Love comes from divine covenant to human marriage, and Yahweh’s covenant fidelity to Israel should be emulated by all married couples. Thus, in Malachi’s book, Yahweh confirmed

Psychology questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology questions - Term Paper Example For Christian therapy and therapy in general, I think it’s necessary to, in a sense, disregard these findings and adopt a pro-active worldview that emphasizes the individual’s agency in facing and combating their psychic complications and dysfunctions. 2. I believe that Freud’s theories are an approximation of human nature and the use of his terms like ego defense mechanisms and the unconscious are not scientifically accurate. I think any therapy would benefit from the aspects of Freudian psychotherapy that seek to find the deep undercurrents of issues over a prolonged investigative period, but that it would be erroneous to believe that a therapeutic approach that doesn’t involve specific Freudian approaches and Freudian terminology is ineffective. 3. In reviewing Freud’s stage of psychosexual development I am drawn to the means by which individuals have set stages and struggles they must encounter in order to developmentally progress. While Freud is predominantly concerned with the childhood stages of development, he concludes his psychosexual stages of development with the genital phase which includes large portions of adolescence and young adulthood (Mitchell 1996). When I consider such stages in my own life I am drawn to the period after graduation from high school when I faced a sort of personal crisis as to my place in the world and maturity. I approached this life stage with determination and consistency in both school and my social life; I would apply these principles to my therapeutic approach as I believe they can be applied to a wide variety of developmental challenges. 4. Considering death from a spiritual standpoint, I believe that it is necessary for one to consider their own mortality and find a certain meaning or purpose in their life. I don’t think it’s necessarily essential that an individual embrace a belief in an afterlife, but that they understand that their time on Earth is limited and

Electromagnetic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electromagnetic - Assignment Example All the objectives would be achieved by carrying out several activities such as tests for magnetic shielding, falling magnets and the design of the motor. The lab activity was also aimed at using PHET simulation software to carry out some electromagnetic tests. Magnetic shielding is the act of reducing the electromagnetic field contained in space by blocking the area with barriers made of either conductive or magnetic material. Magnetic shielding, however, does not prevent a magnetic field, preventing lines of flux from traveling from the North Pole to the South Pole of a magnet. However, the fields can be redirected. Any ferromagnetic metal can be used as a shielding metal. A ferromagnetic metal is a material containing either nickel-iron or cobalt. Most of the steel materials are ferromagnetic metals and work well as redirecting shield. Steel is, however, most used because it is less expensive and widely available. The thickness of the shielding material matters to individual levels. When a shield is so thin, it becomes saturated with magnetic field lines and cannot hold any more lines of flux. Thick shielding is therefore required to carry a maximum number of flux lines. A thick shield does not necessarily mean adding more of steel mate rial. Adding steel thickness does not improve the shielding much. In such cases where saturation is an issue, multiple layers of the shielding material are used. There are some specialized materials especially designed for magnetic shielding. The Specialized magnetic shielding materials are always designed to have a higher relative permeability and a lower saturation point. The right shielding materials depend on the particular shielding problem. For instance for a sensitive electronic, Metals can provide an excellent shielding than steel. Or large applications involving large, powerful neodymium magnets,

Gay Marriage Essay -- Homosexuality, argumentative, persuasive

Marriage is the legal or religious ceremony that formalizes the decision of two people to live as a married couple. Marriage should not be based on what others think. When people get married in a heterosexual union, they do it for their own happiness, not for the happiness of others. Gay marriage is the same way. Homosexuality has always been around and will continue to exist. Why should homosexuals be denied the rights of heterosexuals? No one has the right to say that homosexuals can not marry. That is discriminating against another group of individuals who want equality. Gay marriage should be accepted; people were made with the capacity to love, no one should try to change that, not the Bible, the Constitution, or anyone. Marriage is stated many times in the Bible. But the Bible and the Amendments can be interpreted many ways. Marriage is a religious ceremony, â€Å"But I cannot imagine even the most fervent Christian obeying all of God’s laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bond) Nobody is perfect, but our flaws make who we are. If we don’t always follow a few rules here and there it is okay because we are only human. Most parents teach their children to be different and don’t let others influence them. The same thing should go for gays. The people that are trying to change them are not going to succeed. Gays were made fore a certain reason, but our country has to figure that out first in order accept them. In the Bible, Jesus blesses the children and sends the young rich men away†¦ Jesus said, ‘Truly I tell you, there is no one who left house, brothers, sisters, mother, father, children, or fields for my sake and for the sake of the good news, who will not receive a hundredfold now i n this age --- houses brothers, sisters, mothers, children and fields with... ..., it will come. Works Cited DeMarco, Donald. "Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Allowed." The Family. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2014. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. Bond, Julian. "Opposing Same-Sex Marriage Discriminates Against Gays." Discrimination. Ed. Jacqueline Langwith. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. Dykstra, Laurel. "Not All Queers Want to Marry." Homosexuality. Ed. Paul Connors. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. Current Controversies. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. Mercer, Ilana. "Gay Couples Have Equal Rights." 2014. Rpt. in Does Equality Exist in America? Ed. Stuart A. Kallen. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2014. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2015.

Models of American Ethnicities Essay

How does Fredrickson distinguish between race and ethnicity? How and under what circumstances can ethnicity become racialized’ (para.2)? Fredrickson says that â€Å"It can be misleading to make a sharp distinction between race and ethnicity when considering intergroup relations in American history† He means that these terms do not have clear distinctions and have evolved over time. In paragraph 2, he writes that ethnicity can become racialized â€Å"whenever distinctive group characteristics†¦are used as the basis for a status hierarchy of groups who are thought to differ in ancestry or descent.† What does Fredrickson mean by â€Å"the burden of ‘otherness’†? Summarize the ways in which racial categories and definitions of â€Å"whiteness† have changed during the course of American history.   Fredrickson means that throughout the course of American History being labeled as an â€Å"other,† has changed. From the 1860s to the 1920s there were different kinds of race quotas on immigration. Definitions of â€Å"whiteness have changed drastically as we can observe in Fredrickson’s writing. In the late 19th and early twentieth centuries the ideas of euguenics, scientific racism, and social Darwinism, all accumulated in different definitions of â€Å"whiteness.† Fredrickson writes that â€Å"In the minds of many(during the period of the 1860s to the 1920s) true americans were not merely white but also Northern European†¦.some even harbored doubts about the full claim of â€Å"whiteness† of swarthy immigrants from southe rn Italy.† What are some of the ways that ethnic hierarchy has been eliminated? In what ways does it persist, according to Fredrickson? What evidence can you think of that would support or challenge this contention? Ethnic hierarchy was almost wholly eliminated after WWII among White people of different European background as well as Jews. The ethnic hierarchy shifted from ethnic background to color. After the civil rights movement in the 1960s, most of the ethnic hierarchy had been eliminated. Fredrickson says that it still persists in the ghettos, indian reservations, and barrios. I agree with Fredrickson on the assertion that Ethnic hierarchy still exists in America  today. For example, Unequal treatment by law enforcement and the ethnic targeting among the African American community is still present today. Fredrickson writes that â€Å"assimilationist thinking is not racist in the classic sense† (para. 9) — thereby implying that such thinking may be racist in some other sense. What does he mean by this? Do you agree? Fredrickson means that assimilationism tries to force one culture into accepting the â€Å"superiority, purity, and unchanging character of the dominant culture.† He gives an example of the â€Å"Native American cultural genocide† in regards to assimilationism. I agree, Assimilationism can force a culture to throw away part of its identity, values, and traditions. How does Fredrickson distinguish cultural pluralism from assimilation? How did earlier forms of pluralism differ from the current concept of multiculturalism? Fredrickson writes â€Å"†Unlike assimilationists, cultural Pluralists celebrate differences among groups, rather than seek to obliterate them.† According to Fredrickson, pluralism differed from Multiculturalism, â€Å"Multiculturalism operated on assumptions that were similar to those of the cultural pluralist tradition, except that the color line was breached and the focus was shifted from the cultures and contributions of diverse European ethnic groups to those of African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Why does Fredrickson reject the claim that an emphasis on ethnic identity threatens the unity and stability of American society? Why does a Euro-American backlash against ethnic diversity pose a greater risk in his view? Have you observed any recent examples of either divisiveness or backlash? Compare your observations with those of classmates. He rejects the claim that emphasis on ethnic identity threatens the unity of American society because American society is made up of different ethnic backgrounds. backlash against ethnic diversity poses a greater risk because it provides more room for racism or discrimination.

A Short Story - 1418 Words

Karjon moved on from the Birthing Centre out to the perimeter of the Hive. He could see the great barren land ahead of him and the lowly looking buildings behind him. This reminded him of his own Hive’s layout. The more important, elaborate and ornate structures were at the centre of the Hive. The edge was reserved for the slum areas. However all of this was above ground. It intrigued him somewhat that the Religious Hive had a slum area at all. Everyone in this Hive were well off, praying to God, weren’t they? Well no time to ponder social castes. He was on a mission. He firstly looked around to see if anyone was noticing him. Moving out to the extremities of the Hive was not only risky but could draw undue attention. He would have a†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile Murfon and Tamblin had returned to the Trainee Centre. They were greeted warmly and gave apologies for Karjon’s absence. It did not take too long for a small band of them to form an audience waiting for another probing debate. Their new friend Quagon seemed to be organising everyone. Murfon nodded to Tamblin to indicate that now may be the time to reveal the information about the sky beyond God’s World. The two had discussed earlier if they should really do it and what consequence might ensue. Telling them about it without proof yet is one thing, suggesting something that would be construed as blasphemy is quite another. But they were resolute to discover if the Trainees knew anything about it or knew someone who knew something about it. If neither, it might prove helpful to have a theoretical discussion about it anyway. From the last meeting they learnt that these Trainees were very intelligent and quite open to different ideas. For the Trainees, they had a secret outlet from their strict doctrine. 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